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1998 data sheet the mark shows major revised points. mos integrated circuit m pD6461, 6462 the m pD6461, 6462 are cmos lsi chips designed to provide on-screen character display for camcorders. when combined with a microcontroller, the m pD6461, 6462 control the display of the characters displayed in the viewfinder (count, time, date, etc.) and the recording of characters onto video tape (time, date, etc.). each character is created using 12 (width) 18 (height) dots. kanji characters and graphic symbols can also be displayed by using two or more characters. the m pD6461, 6462 are compatible with color viewfinders and can output character signals to three channels, the rgb channel for the color viewfinder and the v c1 and v c2 channels for the recording system and monitor terminal. the m pD6461, 6462 also have a power-on clear function and video ram batch clear command, enabling the number of operations assigned to the microcontroller to be reduced. features ? maximum number of characters: 12 rows 24 columns (288 characters) ? number of character patterns : 256 ( m pD6461)/128 ( m pd6462) (stored in rom). each pattern can be changed by specifying a mask code option. ? character size : one dot per line or one dot per two lines (field) ? number of character colors : 8 ? background : no background, minimum background, or overall background can be selected for the entire screen, together with rimming on/off function. any one of 8 different colors is selectable as the background color and together with the rim color (black or white) selectable per screen. ? dot matrix : each character consists of 12 (width) 18 (height) dots. there is no gap between adjacent characters. ? blinking : blinking can be turned on/off for each character. the blinking ratio is 1:1. the blinking frequency can be selected from approx. 1 hz, 2 hz, and 0.5 hz for the entire screen. ? reversed characters : specified characters can be displayed in reverse video. ? character signal output : character signals can be output to three channels. output mode (1) (rgb + blk, v c1 + v blk1 , and v c2 + v blk2 ) or output mode (2) (r + r blk , b + b blk , and g + g blk ) can be selected by specifying a mask option. for output mode 1, three output formats are available for the v c1 and v c2 channels (options a, b, and c). ? clearing of video ram : video ram batch clear command and power-on clear function ? interface with a microcontroller : 8-bit serial input supporting variable word length (lsb first or msb first can be selected by specifying a mask option.) ? supply voltage : low-voltage operation possible (supply voltage range: 2.7 to 5.5 v) cmos lsi chip for camcorder on-screen character display (12 rows 24 columns) the information in this document is subject to change without notice. document no. s13320ej1v1ds00 (1st edition) date published november 1998 n cp(k) printed in japan
2 m pD6461, 6462 ordering information part number package m pD6461gs-xxx 20-pin plastic shrink sop (300 mil) m pD6461gt-xxx 24-pin plastic sop (375 mil) m pd6462gs-xxx 20-pin plastic shrink sop (300 mil) remarks 1. xxx is a rom code suffix. 2. necs standard models are the m pD6461gs-101/102, m pd6462gs-001. for the details of the character generator rom, refer to 5. character patterns . m pD6461gs-101: msb first/specified in three-line units/rgb+3blk/option b/lc oscillation m pD6461gs-102: msb first/specified in three-line units/rgb+v c1 +v c2 /option b/lc oscillation m pd6462gs-001: msb first/specified in three-line units/rgb+v c1 +v c2 /option c/lc oscillation
3 m pD6461, 6462 block diagram remark signals in ( ) are set by a mask option (rgb + rgb compatible blanking). data clk cs ck out osc in osc out hsync vsync test v dd gnd pcl data input shift register instruction decoder control signals character size register horizontal address register for display position write address counter data selector video ram char- acter data 8 bits 288 words color data 3 bits 288 words blink data 1 bit 288 words re- verse data 1 bit 288 words out- put speci- fication data 1 bit 288 words back- ground control data register display control data register horizontal size counter horizontal position counter horizontal address counter oscil- lator vertical address register for display position character generator rom 12 18 bits 256 words ( pD6461) / 128 words ( pd6462) synchro- nization protection circuit vertical size counter vertical position counter vertical address counter v r v g v b v blk v c1 blk1 v c2 blk2 output controller m m (b blk ) (b blk ) (r blk )
4 m pD6461, 6462 pin configuration (top view) 20-pin plastic shrink sop (300 mil) m pD6461gs-xxx m pd6462gs-xxx clk 1 cs 2 data 3 pcl 4 v dd 5 ck out 6 osc out 7 osc in 8 test 9 gnd 10 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 hsync vsync v b v g v r v blk (b blk ) v c2 (g blk ) blk2 (r blk ) v c1 blk1 24-pin plastic sop (375 mil) m pD6461gt-xxx clk 1 cs 2 n.c. 3 data 4 pcl 5 v dd 6 ck out 7 osc out 8 osc in 9 test 10 24 23 hsync vsync n.c. v c1 gnd n.c. 11 12 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 blk1 n.c. v b v g v r v blk (b blk ) v c2 (g blk ) blk2 (r blk ) remarks 1. xxx indicates a rom code suffix. 2. signals in ( ) are set by a mask option (rgb + rgb compatible blanking).
5 m pD6461, 6462 b blk : blanking b blk1, blk2: blanking output 1, 2 ck out : clock output clk : clock input cs : chip select data : data input g blk : blanking g gnd : ground hsync : horizontal synchronous signal input n.c. : no connection osc in : oscillator input osc out : oscillator output pcl : power-on clear r blk : blanking r test : test v b : character signal output v blk : blanking signal output for v r , v g , v b v c1 , v c2 : character signal output 1, 2 v dd : power supply v g : character signal output v r : character signal output vsync : vertical synchronous signal input
6 m pD6461, 6462 pin functions pin no. note 1 1 2 3 (4) 4 (5) 5 (6) 6 (7) 7 (8) 8 (9) 9 (10) 10 (11) 11 (14) 12 (15) 13 (16) 14 (17) 15 (18) 16 (19) 17 (20) 18 (21) 19 (23) 20 (24) (3, 12, 13, 22) function note 2 clock input chip select input serial data input power-on clear power supply clock output lc oscillator input/ output osc in : external clock input test pin ground pin blanking signal output 1 character signal output 1 blanking signal output 2 (blanking r) character signal output 2 (blanking g) blanking signal output (blanking b) character signal output vertical synchronizing signal input horizontal synchroniz- ing signal input no connection description input pin for the data read clock. the data input to the data pin is read at rising edges of the clock. serial transfer is accepted when this pin is low. input pin for control data. data is read in synchronization with the clock input to the clk pin. pin used for the power-on clear function. after power-on, set this pin from low to high to initialize the ic. power supply pin n-ch open-drain output pin used to check the oscillation frequency input and output pins for the oscillator for generating a dot clock. connect the oscillation coil and capacitors to these pins. (when an external clock input is selected by specifying a mask option, input an external clock (synchronized with hsync) to the osc in pin. leave the osc out pin open.) pin used for testing the ic. usually, connect this pin to ground. the ic cannot enter test mode while this pin is connected to ground. connect this pin to the system ground. pin used to output the blanking signal for the video signal output from the v c1 pin. the blanking signal is high active. (when rgb compatible blanking has been selected by specifying a mask option, this pin outputs the logical or of r blk , g blk , and b blk .) pin used to output a high-active character signal. (when rgb compatible blanking has been selected by specifying a mask option, this pin outputs the logical or of v r , v g , and v b .) pin used to output the blanking signal for the video signal output from the v c2 pin. the blanking signal is high active. (this pin outputs the blanking signal for the video signal output from the v r pin. the blanking signal is high active.) pin used to output a high-active character signal. (this pin outputs the blanking signal for the video signal output from the v g pin. the blanking signal is high active.) pin used to output the blanking signal for the video signals output from the v r , v g , and v b pins. the blanking signal is high active. (this pin outputs the blanking signal for the video signal output from the v b pin. the blanking signal is high active.) pins used to output high-active character signals. input a low-active vertical synchronizing signal to this pin. input a low-active horizontal synchronizing signal to this pin. vacant pin symbol note 2 clk cs data pcl v dd ck out osc out osc in test gnd blk1 v c1 blk2 (r blk ) v c2 (g blk ) v blk (b blk ) v r v g v b vsync hsync n.c. notes 1. pin numbers indicated in ( ) are that of the m pD6461gt-xxx. 2. signals in ( ) are set by a mask option (rgb + rgb compatible blanking).
7 m pD6461, 6462 contents 1. mask code options ........................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 mask code options ............................................................................................................................... ... 8 1.2 how to select mask options ............................................................................................................. 9 1.3 application block diagrams .............................................................................................................. 10 1.4 display in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode ................................................................................................................ 11 1.4.1 character signal output when option a is selected .................................................................. 14 1.4.2 character signal output when option b is selected .................................................................. 15 1.4.3 character signal output when option c is selected .................................................................. 16 1.4.4 display of v c2 -specified characters ............................................................................................... 17 1.5 outputting background ...................................................................................................................... 18 2. commands ............................................................................................................................... .............. 19 2.1 command format ............................................................................................................................... ...... 19 2.2 commands and their bits ..................................................................................................................... 19 2.3 power-on clear function ................................................................................................................... 21 3. command details ............................................................................................................................... 22 3.1 video ram batch clear command .................................................................................................... 22 3.2 character display control command .......................................................................................... 23 3.3 background/rim color control command ................................................................................. 24 3.4 3-channel independent display on/off command .................................................................... 25 3.5 character reverse on/off command ............................................................................................ 26 3.6 character display position control command ....................................................................... 28 3.7 write address control command ................................................................................................... 30 3.8 output pin control command ........................................................................................................... 31 3.9 character size control command ................................................................................................. 32 3.10 3-channel independent background control command ..................................................... 33 3.11 test mode command ............................................................................................................................... .35 3.12 displayed character control command .................................................................................... 35 4. command transfer .......................................................................................................................... 38 4.1 1-byte commands ............................................................................................................................... ....... 38 4.2 2-byte commands ............................................................................................................................... ....... 38 4.3 2-byte continuous command .............................................................................................................. 38 4.4 continuous input of command .......................................................................................................... 39 4.4.1 when end code is not used ............................................................................................................. 39 4.4.2 when end code is used .................................................................................................................... 39 5. character patterns ....................................................................................................................... 40 6. electrical characteristics ....................................................................................................... 50 7. application circuit example ....................................................................................................... 54 8. package drawings ........................................................................................................................... 55 9. recommended soldering conditions .................................................................................... 57
8 m pD6461, 6462 1. mask code options 1.1 mask code options the m pD6461, m pd6462 provide mask options for selecting the following items: (1) data transfer select the command transfer format. (2) vertical display start position select the units used for specifying the vertical display start position of the character display area. in three-line units, the vertical display start position can be set more finely than in nine-line units. (3) pin selection select the pins used to output character signals. in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode, character signals are output from the v r , v g , v b , v blk , v c1 , blk1, v c2 , and blk2 pins. in rgb+3blk mode, character signals are output from the v r , v g , v b , r blk , g blk , b blk , v c1 , and blk1 pins. when displaying colored characters in a color viewfinder, select rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode. when assigning a separate character signal for each color, select rgb+3blk mode. (4) output distribution format select the format to be used to distribute character signals to the v c1 and v c2 channels when rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode is selected. (when rgb+3blk mode is selected, select option a as the output distribution format. options b and c are invalid.) when an on-screen ic is used in a camcorder, some information is displayed in the viewfinder and recorded onto video tape (such as a date and title). other information, however, need only be displayed in the viewfinder (battery or focus alarm and tape count). the m pD6461, 6462 can distribute such information to different output channels in units of rows or half rows. you can select option a, option b, and option c as the output distribution format (only when rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode is selected). (5) dot clock select the dot clock to be used to display characters. when an external clock input is selected, refer to external clock input in 6 . electrical characteristics . (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) data transfer vertical display start position pin selection output distribution format dot clock lsb first specified in three-line units rgb+v c1 +v c2 option a lc oscillation msb first specified in nine-line units rgb+3blk option c external clock input option b item selections
9 m pD6461, 6462 1.2 how to select mask options to select mask options, use the option setting command (oc) of the character pattern editor, a tool designed for editing character pattern data. activate the character pattern editor, then display the following setting menu: oc (command input) option data (0---lsb fast , 1---msb fast ) : ......... (1) option data (0---v:9h , 1---v:3h ) : ......... (2) option data (0---rgb+3blk , 1---rgb+v c1 +v c2 ) : ......... (3) option data (0---output 20 , 1---output 21 ) : ......... (4) option data (0---output 10 , 1---output 11 ) : ......... (5) option data (0---ext clk , 1---lc ) : ......... (6) option data (0---lc , 1---ext clk ) : ......... (7) actually, the above menu is displayed one line at a time. once you have selected an option, the next line is displayed. select 0 or 1 for lines (1), (2), (3), (6), and (7), according to the setting to be made. for the dot clock, however, make the same settings (different values) for lines (6) and (7). for example, when selecting lc oscillation, select lc for both lines (1 for (6) and 0 for (7)). dont select external clock input for lines (6) and/or (7). when selecting the output distribution format, select the values on lines (4) and (5) as follows: (4) (5) option a 1(output 21) 0(output 10) option b 0(output 20) 0(output 10) option c 1(output 21) 1(output 11) the settings are valid only when rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode has been selected. select option a (1, 0) when rgb+3blk mode has been selected. the following table lists the correspondence between the command bits and the lines of the setting menu. specify 0 or 1 for each bit. d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 0 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) command od displays the result of the selection, as a hexadecimal number. example: when the mask options are selected as follows: mask option bit command msb first d6 1 specification in three-line units d5 1 rgb+3blk d4 0 option a (only option a can be d3 1 specified in rgb+3blk mode) d2 0 lc oscillation d1 1 d0 0 the command bits are set as follows: d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 01101010 ? command od displays 6ah.
10 m pD6461, 6462 1.3 application block diagrams example of application to a camcorder (1) (in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode) (the v r , v g , v b , v blk , v c1 , blk1, v c2 , and blk2 pins are used.) data clk cs pcl m pD6461, 6462 hsync vsync rgb channel character addition circuit color viewfinder v c2 channel image character addition circuit image + characters recording system (deck) v c1 channel character addition circuit monitor terminal (video signal output) rgb channel: v r , v g , v b , v blk v c1 channel: v c1 , blk1 v c2 channel: v c2 , blk2 microcontroller example of application to a camcorder (2) (in rgb+3blk mode for rgb compatible blanking) (the v r , v g , v b , r blk , g blk , and b blk pins are used.) r channel data clk cs pcl m pD6461, 6462 hsync vsync r channel: v r , r blk g channel: v g , g blk b channel: v b , b blk g channel b channel image character addition circuit character addition circuit color viewfinder image + characters recording system (deck) character addition circuit monitor terminal (video signal output) microcontroller
11 m pD6461, 6462 1.4 display in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode the m pD6461, 6462 provide three options, a, b, and c, for the output distribution format. this section describes how character signals are output when each option is selected. output is controlled with the output pin control command (refer to 3.8 output pin control command for details). output pin control command for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the most significant bit (msb), d15.) (this command is a 2-byte command. 16 bits must be input for each command, even for continuous input.) d15 1 d14 0 d13 0 d12 1 d11 1 d10 1 d9 0 d8 0 d7 v c2 d6 v c1 d5 0 d4 0 d3 ar3 d2 ar2 d1 ar1 d0 ar0 ar3 0 0 1 ar2 0 0 0 ar1 0 0 1 ar0 0 1 1 v c2 0 0 v c1 0 1 v c2 0 0 v c1 0 1 v c2 0 0 1 1 v c1 0 1 0 1 (msb) (lsb) row specification bits function specifies row 0. specifies row 1. specifies row 11. other values are invalid. option a output pin control bits output from each pin v c1 : outputs a specified row. v c2 : fixed to low level. v c1 : fixed to low level. v c2 : outputs a specified row. option b output pin control bits output from each pin v c1 : outputs all rows. v c2 : fixed to low level. v c1 : outputs all rows. v c2 : outputs a specified row. option c output pin control bits output from each pin v c1 : outputs columns 0 to 23. v c2 : fixed to low level. v c1 : outputs columns 0 to 11. v c2 : outputs columns 12 to 23. v c1 : outputs columns 12 to 23. v c2 : outputs columns 0 to 11. v c1 : fixed to low level. v c2 : outputs columns 0 to 23. ? row specification you can specify whether the v c1 or v c2 pin is used to output the character signals for each row (or each 12 columns). ? output pin control the signals output from the v c1 and v c2 pins depend on whether option a, b, or c is selected (the corresponding blanking signals are output in the same way).
12 m pD6461, 6462 option a output output pin control bits v c2 v c1 output from each pin 00v c1 : outputs the specified row. v c2 : fixed to low level. (1) 01v c1 : fixed to low level. v c2 : outputs specified row. (2) for case (1) above for case (2) above v c1 channel v c2 channel v c1 channel v c2 channel outputs the logical or of the character signals at the v r , v g , and v b pins (for the specified rows), excluding those characters for which the v c2 chan- nel has been specified. fixed to low level (for the specified rows) fixed to low level (for the specified rows) outputs those characters for which the v c2 chan- nel has been specified (for the specified rows). outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those the areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those the areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. background signal (if specified) output channel character signal option b output output pin control bits v c2 v c1 output from each pin 00v c1 : outputs all rows. v c2 : fixed to low level. (1) 01v c1 : outputs all rows. v c2 : outputs a specified row. (2) for case (1) above for case (2) above v c1 channel v c2 channel v c1 channel v c2 channel outputs the logical or of the character signals at the v r , v g , and v b pins (for all rows), excluding those characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified. fixed to low level (for the specified rows) outputs the logical or of the character signals at the v r , v g , and v b pins (for all rows), excluding those characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs the characters for which the v c2 channel is specified (for the specified rows). outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. background signal (if specified) output channel character signal
13 m pD6461, 6462 option c output the rgb and v c1 channels do not output character signals for characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified. background signals are output separately as listed above. in addition, the m pD6461, 6462, when set to rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode, provide the following output control: ? independent on/off control of character display for each channel (3-channel independent display on/off command) ? independent control of the background for each channel (3-channel independent background control command) output pin control bits v c2 v c1 output from each pin 00v c1 : outputs columns 0 to 23. v c2 : fixed to low level. (1) 01v c1 : outputs columns 0 to 11. v c2 : outputs columns 12 to 23. (2) 10v c1 : outputs columns 12 to 23. v c2 : outputs columns 0 to 11. (3) 11v c1 : fixed to low level. v c2 : outputs columns 0 to 23. (4) for case (1) above for case (2) above for case (3) above for case (4) above v c1 channel v c2 channel v c1 channel v c2 channel v c1 channel v c2 channel v c1 channel v c2 channel outputs the logical or of the character signals at the v r , v g , and v b pins (for columns 0 to 23 in the specified rows), excluding those characters for which the v c2 channel has specified. fixed to low level (for the specified rows) outputs the logical or of the character signals at the v r , v g , and v b pins (for columns 0 to 11 of the specified rows), excluding those characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs the characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified (for columns 12 to 23 of the specified rows). outputs the logical or of the character signals at the v r , v g , and v b pins (for columns 12 to 23 of the specified rows), excluding those characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs the characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified (for columns 0 to 11 of the specified rows). fixed to low level (for the specified rows) outputs the characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified (for columns 0 to 23 in the specified rows). outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for areas other than those for which the v c2 channel has been specified. outputs a background signal for those areas for which the v c2 channel has been specified. background signal (if specified) output channel character signal
14 m pD6461, 6462 1.4.1 character signal output when option a is selected option a the v c1 bit of the output pin control command can be used to specify whether the characters of each row are output to the v c1 channel. each character can be specified to be output to the v c2 channel, and the v c1 channel outputs only characters for which the v c2 channel in the rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 1. characters for which the v c2 channel is specified are not output to the rgb or v c1 channel. display example (when the v c2 channel is used for information to be recorded) rec tape batt 1/1000 0000 am 11:30 1991. 2.22 yokohama bay bridge display in viewfinder (rgb output and v c2 output) information that is only to be displayed, such as alarms and tape count information that is also to be recorded onto the video tape, such as the date and title output example with mask code option a specified rec tape batt 1/1000 0000 am 11:30 1991. 2.22 yokohama bay bridge characters output via rgb channel (colored characters) characters output via v c2 channel (specified characters of specified rows) characters output via v c1 channel (specified rows) the v c1 channel outputs the characters in the rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 0, excluding the characters for which the v c2 channel is specified. rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 1 are not output (the v c1 pin is fixed to low level). rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 0 are not output (the v c2 pin is fixed to low level). the v c2 channel outputs only those characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified in the rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 1. rec tape batt 1/1000 0000 the rgb channel does not output the characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified.
15 m pD6461, 6462 1.4.2 character signal output when option b is selected option b the v c1 channel outputs characters of all rows regardless of setting of the v c1 and v c2 bits. each character can be specified to be output to the v c2 channel, and the v c2 channel outputs only characters for which the v c2 channel in the rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 1. characters for which the v c2 channel is specified are not output to the rgb or v c1 channel. display example (when the v c2 channel is used for information to be recorded) rec rain tape batt 1/1000 0000 am 11:30 1991. 2.22 yokohama bay bridge display in viewfinder (rgb output and v c2 output) information that is only to be displayed, such as alarms and tape count ? information that is also to be recorded onto the video tape, such as the date and title information that is also to be recorded onto the video tape is displayed on the left (weather in this example). output example with mask code option b specified rec tape batt 1/1000 0000 rec tape batt 1/1000 0000 rain am 11:30 1991. 2.22 yokohama bay bridge characters output via rgb channel (colored characters) the v c1 channel outputs the characters of all rows regardless of the setting of the v c1 bit, excluding the characters for which the v c2 channel is specified. characters output via v c1 channel (all rows) characters output via v c2 channel (specified characters of specified rows) the v c2 channel outputs only those characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified in those rows for which the v c1 bit has been set to 1. the v c2 channel outputs no characters in those rows for which the v c1 bit has been set to 0. the rgb channel does not output the characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified.
16 m pD6461, 6462 1.4.3 character signal output when option c is selected option c the v c1 and v c2 bits of the output pin control command can be used to specify whether the characters in columns 0 to 11 of each row and those in columns 12 to 23 are output to the v c1 channel or to the v c2 channel. display example tape batt 1/1000 am 11:30 1991. 2.22 yokohama bay bridge 0000 rec 0111223 information that is also to be recorded onto the video tape, such as date and title information that is only to be displayed, such as alarms and tape count display in viewfinder output example with mask code option c specified tape batt 1/1000 0000 rec tape batt 1/1000 am 11:30 1991. 2.22 yokohama bay bridge characters output via v c2 channel (specified characters) characters output via v c1 channel (specified rows) characters output via rgb channel (colored characters) the rgb channel does not output the characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified. in the case of setting v c1 bit to 0, the v c2 channel outputs the characters of columns 0 to 11 in specified rows for which the v c2 bit is set to 1, and the rows for which the v c2 bit is set to 0 are not output (the v c2 pin is fixed to low level). in the case of setting v c1 bit to 1, the v c2 channel outputs the characters of columns 12 to 23 in specified rows for which the v c2 bit is set to 0, or the characters of columns 0 to 23 in specified rows for which the v c2 bit is set to 1. in the case of setting v c2 bit to 0, the v c1 channel outputs the characters of columns 0 to 23 in specified rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 0, or the characters of columns 0 to 11 in specified rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 1, excluding the characters for which the v c2 channel specified. in the case of setting v c2 bit to 1, the v c1 channel outputs the characters of columns 12 to 23 in specified rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 0, and the rows for which the v c1 bit is set to 1 are not output (the v c1 pin is fixed to low level), excluding the characters for which the v c2 channel specified. 0000 rec
17 m pD6461, 6462 1.4.4 display of v c2 -specified characters when the displayed character control command specifies the v c2 channel for a character, that character is not output to the rgb or v c1 channel (display for the rgb and v c1 channels is usually the same as when display-off data is written note ). if background display (overall/minimum) is specified for the rgb or v c1 channel, no background is displayed for those characters for which the v c2 channel has been specified. note in some cases, the display will differ slightly from the display-off data. display- off data solid data solid data solid data: character for which all 12 18 dots are filled ? when display-off data is displayed for the rgb, v c1 , or v c2 channel if a character adjacent to the display-off data is rimmed or has a background, the rim or background encroaches into the area for the display- off data by one dot (minimum size). (the rim encroaches only at the filled dots at the left or right edge of the rimmed character.) ? display of v c2 -specified character area for the rgb or v c1 channel if a character adjacent to a v c2 -specified character is rimmed, the rim encroaches into the area for the v c2 -specified character by one dot (mini- mum size). if the adjacent character has a background, however, the background does not encroach into the v c2 -specified character area. ? display of v c2 -specified character area for the v c2 channel if a rimmed v c2 -specified character is adjacent to another v c2 -specified character, the rim encroaches into the area for the latter v c2 -specified character. the background does not encroach into the adjacent area (the rim encroaches only at the filled dots on the left or right edge of the rimmed character). ? when a v c2 -specified character area exists at the right or left edge of the entire display area (the figure shows an area at the left edge. the case of an area at the right edge is similar). encroachment of rim or background (with a width of one dot for the minimum character size) encroachment of rim encroachment of background (1) C (5) (2) C (5) background does not encroach into the v c2 -specified character area. v c2 -speci- fied character area solid data solid data (4) (1) display- off data display- off data solid data solid data solid data v c2 -speci- fied charac- ter area solid data (3) (5) (2)
18 m pD6461, 6462 1.5 outputting background the figures below show the screen display when minimum background or overall background is specified for each output channel in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode. (1) minimum background a b c d f yokohama 1991. 9. 2 am 10:00 0 1 2 3 4 5 e a b c d f yokohama 1991. 9. 2 am 10:00 0000 background only for v c2 -specified areas no background for v c2 -specified areas no background for v c2 -specified areas v c2 output (character signal) v blk2 output (background signal) v c1 output (character signal) v blk1 output (background signal) rgb channel (2) overall background a b c d f yokohama 1991. 9. 2 am 10:00 0 1 2 3 4 5 e a b c d f yokohama 1991. 9. 2 am 10:00 0000 background only for v c2 -specified areas no background for v c2 -specified areas no background for v c2 -specified areas v c2 output (character signal) v blk2 output (background signal) v c1 output (character signal) v blk1 output (background signal) rgb channel remarks 1. the above figures are only examples. actually, the background can be controlled independently for each output channel (only in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode), for example, by applying background (overall/minimum) for the rgb channel but not for the other channels. 2. no background is applied to the v c2 -specified areas for the rgb or v c1 channel. if a character adjacent to a v c2 -specified character is rimmed, the rim encroaches into the area for the v c2 -specified character by one dot (minimum size) only at the filled dots at the left or right edge of the area of the rimmed character, in the same way as for display-off data. the background, however, does not encroach into the adjacent area.
19 m pD6461, 6462 2. commands 2.1 command format control commands are serially input in 8-bit units with a variable word length. there are three types of commands: 1- byte commands consisting of eight bits including an instruction and data, 2-byte commands consisting of sixteen bits including an instruction and data, and a 2-byte continuous command which can be input in an abbreviated format. commands are input with the msb first or lsb first according to the specified mask option. 2.2 commands and their bits (1) for msb first 1-byte commands 2-byte commands note not to be used 2-byte continuous command note c7 bit is dont care at the m pd6462. however, this data sheet explains the m pd6462 with 0 in the c7 bit. (msb) function d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 video ram batch clear 00000000 character display control 0001d0lcbl1bl0 background/rim color control 0010rgbbfc 3-channel independent display on/off 01110doadobdoc character reverse on/off 0011100 bcre (msb) function d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 character display position control 1 0 0 0 0 0 v4 v3 v2 v1 v0 h4 h3 h2 h1 h0 write address control 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 ar3 ar2 ar1 ar0 ac4 ac3 ac2 ac1 ac0 output pin control 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 v c2 v c1 0 0 ar3 ar2 ar1 ar0 character size control 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 s 0 0 ar3 ar2 ar1 ar0 3-channel independent background control 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 ba1 ba0 bfa bb1 bb0 bfb bc1 bc0 bfc test mode note 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 t8 t7 t6 t5 t4 t3 t2 t1 t0 (msb) function d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 displayed character control 1 1 rv r g b bl v c2 c7 c6 c5 c4 c3 c2 c1 c0 note
20 m pD6461, 6462 (lsb) function d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 video ram batch clear 00000000 character display control bl0 bl1 lc do 1000 background/rim color control bfc b g r 0100 3-channel independent display on/off doc dob doa 01110 character reverse on/off bcre 0011100 (2) for lsb first 1-byte commands 2-byte commands note not to be used 2-byte continuous command note c7 bit is dont care at the m pd6462. however, this data sheet explains the m pd6462 with 0 in the c7 bit. (lsb) function d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 character display position control v3 v4 0 0 0 0 0 1 h0 h1 h2 h3 h4 v0 v1 v2 write address control ar3 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 ac0 ac1 ac2 ac3 ar4 ar0 ar1 ar2 output pin control 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 ar0 ar1 ar2 ar3 0 0 v c1 v c2 character size control 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 ar0 ar1 ar2 ar3 0 0 s 0 3-channel independent background control ba1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 bfc bc0 bc1 bfb bb0 bb1 bfa ba0 test mode note t8 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 t0 t1 t2 t3 t4 t5 t6 t7 (lsb) function d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 displayed character control v c2 bl b g r rv 1 1 c0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7 note
21 m pD6461, 6462 2.3 power-on clear function the internal state of the ic is unstable immediately after the power is turned on. it is therefore necessary to keep the pcl pin low for the time shown below to allow the system to initialize. this power-on clear places the system in the following state: ? test mode is not specified. ? all character data in video ram (12 rows 24 columns) is cleared (to display-off data (feh: m pD6461/7eh: m pd6462)) and blinking is turned off. ? the video ram write address is (row 0, column 0). ? the character size is single (minimum) for all rows. ? the output distribution format is set to the default (the v c1 and v c2 bits are set to 0). ? display is turned off and lc oscillation is turned on. the time required for power-on clear is calculated as follows. no commands must be input during this time. time required for power-on clear = t pcll note + {time required for clearing video ram} = 10( m s) + {10( m s) + 12/f osc (mhz) 288} f osc (mhz) : lc oscillation frequency or external clock frequency note refer to power-on clear specifications in 6. electrical characteristics . a dot clock input (to the osc in pin) is necessary to clear video ram. input a dot clock when an external clock input is selected.
22 m pD6461, 6462 3. command details 3.1 video ram batch clear command this command clears the entire video ram by means of a single operation (the bit configuration is the same as for msb- first and lsb-first transfer). the video ram batch clear command places the system in the following state: ? all character data in video ram (12 rows 24 columns) is cleared (to display-off data (feh: m pD6461/7eh: m pd6462)) and blinking is turned off. ? the video ram write address is (row 0, column 0). ? the character size is single (minimum) for all rows. ? the output distribution format is set to the default (the v c1 and v c2 bits are set to 0). ? display is turned off and lc oscillation is turned on. the time required for clearing video ram is calculated as follows. no command must be input while the video ram is being cleared. time required to clear video ram = 10( m s) + 12/f osc (mhz) 288 f osc (mhz) : lc oscillation frequency or external clock frequency a dot clock input (to the osc in pin) is necessary to clear the video ram. input a dot clock when external clock input is selected. remark power-on clear using the pcl pin is hardware reset, initializing the ic, including clearing the video ram and releasing test mode. the video ram batch clear command, in contrast, performs software reset by initializing the ic without first releasing test mode. (msb) (lsb) d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00000000
23 m pD6461, 6462 3.2 character display control command this command turns on/off character display, lc oscillation, and the blinking of characters. (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d7).) d7 0 d6 0 d5 0 d4 1 d3 do d2 lc d1 bl1 d0 bl0 (msb) (lsb) bl1 0 0 1 1 bl0 0 1 0 1 lc 0 1 do 0 1 function turns off blinking. turns on 2 hz blinking. turns on 1 hz blinking. turns on 0.5 hz blinking. blinking control bits lc oscillation control bit function turns off lc oscillator. turns on lc oscillator. function turns off character display. turns on character display. character display on/off control bit (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) ? blinking control bits these bits are used to turn on or off the blinking of characters for which blinking has been enabled with the displayed character control command. the blinking ratio is 1:1, one of three blinking frequencies being selectable for the entire screen. ? lc oscillation control bit this bit is used to turn the oscillator on or off. you can stop the oscillator when no character is being displayed, thus reducing the power consumption. while the oscillator is stopped, it is not possible to write to video ram. turn on the oscillator before attempting to write to video ram. cautions 1. when using lc oscillation (lc oscillation control bit = 1): when character display is turned on, the oscillation is synchronized with hsync, stopping when hsync goes low. when character display is turned off, oscillation continues regardless of the state of hsync. 2. when using an external clock (lc oscillation control bit = 1): while the oscillator is turned on, clock pulses are supplied to the ic internal circuit. while the oscillator is turned off, no clock pulses are supplied. ? character display on/off control bit this bit is used to turn character display on or off. character display is turned on or off upon the detection of a falling edge of hsync. (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 bl0bl1lcdo1000
24 m pD6461, 6462 3.3 background/rim color control command this command specifies the color of the background or rim when overall background, minimum background, or rimming is specified. (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d7).) d7 0 d6 0 d5 1 d4 0 d3 r d2 g d1 b d0 bfc (msb) (lsb) bfc 0 1 r 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 g 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 b 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 rim color specification bit color black white background color specification bits color black blue green cyan red magenta yellow white (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) ? rim color specification bit this bit is used to specify the color (white or black) of the rim added to all characters displayed on the screen (only for the rgb channel). when rimming is specified for the v c1 or v c2 channel, the rim color is always black. ? background color specification bits these bits are used to specify one of eight colors to be used for the background of the entire screen (only for the rgb channel). when background (overall/minimum) is specified for the v c1 or v c2 channel, the background color is always black. (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 bfcbgr0100
25 m pD6461, 6462 3.4 3-channel independent display on/off command this command turns character display on or off independently for each of the three channels. (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d7).) d7 0 d6 1 d5 1 d4 1 d3 0 d2 doa d1 dob d0 doc (msb) (lsb) doa dob doc 0 1 0 1 0 1 doa 0 1 dob doc when rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode is selected when rgb+3blk mode is selected control bits function turns off display for rgb channel. turns on display for rgb channel. turns off display for v c1 channel. turns on display for v c1 channel. turns off display for v c2 channel. turns on display for v c2 channel. control bits function turns off character display (for all channels). turns on character display (for all channels). don't care don't care (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 docdobdoa01110
26 m pD6461, 6462 3.5 character reverse on/off command this command specifies whether all characters displayed on the screen are reversed. (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d7).) d7 0 d6 0 d5 1 d4 1 d3 1 d2 0 d1 0 d0 bcre (msb) (lsb) bcre 0 1 control bit function does not reverse characters. reverses characters. (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) each character is reversed only when reversing of the character is enabled with the displayed character control command. ? example of reversed character (uppercase letter i) when not reversed when reversed background color or image (where dots are not filled in the character pattern) character color (where dots are filled in the character pattern) character color when not reversed black remark when the character is not reversed, one of eight colors can be selected for the background color for the rgb channel. for the v c1 and v c2 channels, which can display only white or black, the background is always black (characters are white). when characters are rseversed for the v c1 or v c2 channel, the display is as follows: ? example of reversed character for v c1 or v c2 channel (uppercase letter i) when not reversed when reversed background color (black) or image (where dots are not filled in the character pattern) character color: white (where dots are filled in the character pattern) character color when not reversed: white black (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 bcre 0011100
27 m pD6461, 6462 rimming of reversed character for an ordinary character when not reversed when reversed image rim character color black no rim character color when not reversed for a solid character (character pattern 18h ( m pD6461)/1fh ( m pd6462): refer to 5. character patterns) when not reversed when reversed rim character color black no rim display-off data does not change when reversed. when blank data is reversed, it becomes a solid character for which the character color is initially set. the character color can be set only for the rgb channel. it is always white (black when reversed) for the v c1 and v c2 channels.
28 m pD6461, 6462 3.6 character display position control command this command specifies the character display start position with one of 32 steps in 12-dot units for the horizontal direction, and one of 32 steps in three-line units for the vertical direction (this command is a 2-byte command, requiring 16 bits for each command even when continuously input). (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d15).) d15 1 d14 0 d13 0 d12 0 d11 0 d10 0 d9 v4 d8 v3 d7 v2 d6 v1 d5 v0 d4 h4 d3 h3 d2 h2 d1 h1 d0 h0 (msb) (lsb) h4 0 0 1 h3 0 0 1 h2 0 0 1 h1 0 0 1 h0 0 1 1 v4 0 0 1 v3 0 0 1 v2 0 0 1 v1 0 0 1 v0 0 1 1 control bits for horizontal display start position start position (4 + 12 1)/f osc (mhz) from rising edge of hsync ( s) (4 + 12 2)/f osc (mhz) from rising edge of hsync ( s) (4 + 12 32 )/f osc (mhz) from rising edge of hsync ( s) remarks f osc : lc oscillation frequency or external input clock control bits for vertical display start position start position 3h 0 + 1h (9h 0 + 1h) from rising edge of vsync 3h 1 + 1h (9h 1 + 1h) from rising edge of vsync 3h 31 + 1h (9h 31 + 1h) from rising edge of vsync remarks 1 . h: line m m m 2 . ( ) shows when units of nine lines are selected by specifying a mask option. (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 v3v4000001h0h1h2h3h4v0v1v2
29 m pD6461, 6462 ? control bits for the horizontal display start position these bits are used to specify the horizontal display start position (timing) as one of 32 steps in units of 12 dots (12/f osc (mhz)). settable positions are based on the rising edge of the horizontal synchronizing signal input to the hsync pin. the 32 positions are calculated by adding 12 dots, one to 32 times, to the position equivalent to 16 clock pulses (16/f osc (mhz)) from the rising edge (f osc (mhz): lc oscillation frequency or external input clock frequency). ? control bits for the vertical display start position these bits are used to specify the vertical display start position as one of 32 steps in units of three lines (or 32 steps in units of nine lines when specified with a mask option). the minimum settable position is three lines from a rising edge of the vertical synchronizing signal input to the vsync pin. a b horizontal synchronizing signal (hsync) display area of 12 rows x 24 columns vertical synchronizing signal (vsync) a : 3h (2 4 v4+2 3 v3+2 2 v2+2 1 v1+2 0 v0)+1h 9h when units of nine lines are selected by specifying a mask option 12 4 b : ????? (2 4 h4+2 3 h3+2 2 h2+2 1 h1+2 0 h0+1) + ????? f osc (mhz) f osc (mhz) f osc : lc oscillation frequency or external input clock frequency h : line
30 m pD6461, 6462 3.7 write address control command this command specifies the address at which a character is written in the display area (video ram) of 12 rows 24 columns (this command is a 2-byte command, requiring 16 bits for each command, even when continuously input). (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d15).) d15 1 d14 0 d13 0 d12 0 d11 1 d10 0 d9 0 d8 ar3 d7 ar2 d6 ar1 d5 ar0 d4 ac4 d3 ac3 d2 ac2 d1 ac1 d0 ac0 (msb) (lsb) ac4 0 0 1 ac3 0 0 0 ac2 0 0 1 ac1 0 0 1 ac0 0 1 1 ar3 0 0 1 ar2 0 0 0 ar1 0 0 1 ar0 0 1 1 column address specification bits column column 0 column 1 column 23 any other value is invalid. column address specification bits row address specification bits row row 0 row 1 row 11 any other value is invalid. (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) ? column write address specification bits the display area has 24 columns. these bits are used to specify the column in which a character is to be written. ? row write address specification bits the display area has 12 rows. these bits are used to specify the row in which a character is to be written. (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 ar30010001ac0ac1ac2ac3ar4ar0ar1ar2
31 m pD6461, 6462 3.8 output pin control command this command distributes character signals to the v c1 and v c2 channels (this command is a 2-byte command, requiring 16 bits for each command, even when continuously input). the m pD6461, 6462 support a mask option for selecting one of three formats for the output distribution format for the v c1 and v c2 channels. (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d15).) d15 1 d14 0 d13 0 d12 1 d11 1 d10 1 d9 0 d8 0 d7 v c2 d6 v c1 d5 0 d4 0 d3 ar3 d2 ar2 d1 ar1 d0 ar0 ar3 0 0 1 ar2 0 0 0 ar1 0 0 1 ar0 0 1 1 v c2 0 0 v c1 0 1 v c2 0 0 v c1 0 1 v c2 0 0 1 1 v c1 0 1 0 1 (msb) (lsb) row specification bits function specifies row 0. specifies row 1. specifies row 11. other values are invalid. option a output pin control bits output from each pin v c1 : outputs a specified row. v c2 : fixed to low level. v c1 : fixed to low level. v c2 : outputs a specified row. option b output pin control bits output from each pin v c1 : outputs all rows. v c2 : fixed to low level. v c1 : outputs all rows. v c2 : outputs a specified row. option c output pin control bits output from each pin v c1 : outputs columns 0 to 23. v c2 : fixed to low level. v c1 : outputs columns 0 to 11. v c2 : outputs columns 12 to 23. v c1 : outputs columns 12 to 23. v c2 : outputs columns 0 to 11. v c1 : fixed to low level. v c2 : outputs columns 0 to 23. (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) ? row specification bits output distribution to the v c1 and v c2 pins is specified for each row (or for 12 columns). these bits are used to specify the row. ? output pin control bits these bits are used to distribute character output signals to the v c1 and v c2 pins depending on whether option a, b, or c has been selected by specifying a mask option (the corresponding blanking signals are output likewise). (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 00111001ar0ar1ar2ar300v c1 v c2
32 m pD6461, 6462 3.9 character size control command this command specifies the character size (height and width at one time) for each row (this command is a 2-byte command, requiring 16 bits for each command, even when continuously input). (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d15).) d15 1 d14 0 d13 0 d12 1 d11 1 d10 0 d9 0 d8 0 d7 0 d6 s d5 0 d4 0 d3 ar3 d2 ar2 d1 ar1 d0 ar0 (msb) (lsb) ar3 0 0 1 ar2 0 0 0 ar1 0 0 1 ar0 0 1 1 s 0 1 row specification bits row row 0 row 1 row 11 any other value is invalid. character size specification bit height: one dot per line. width: one dot per 1t (minimum dot). height: one dot per two lines. width: one dot per 2t. 1t ( s) = (f osc : lc oscillation frequency 1 f osc (mhz) size (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) ? row specification bits the character size is specified for each row. these bits are used to specify the row. ? character size specification bit this bit is used to select either of two supported sizes. (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 00011001ar0ar1ar2ar300s0
33 m pD6461, 6462 3.10 3-channel independent background control command this command specifies the background for each of the three output channels (this command is a 2-byte command, requiring 16 bits for each command, even when continuously input). (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d15).) d15 1 d14 0 d13 1 d12 1 d11 0 d10 0 d9 1 d8 ba1 d7 ba0 d6 bfa d5 bb1 d4 bb0 d3 bfb d2 bc1 d1 bc0 d0 bfc bc1 0 0 1 1 bc0 0 1 0 1 bfc 0 1 bb1 0 0 1 1 bb0 0 1 0 1 bfb 0 1 ba1 0 0 1 1 ba0 0 1 0 1 bfa 0 1 (msb) (lsb) v c2 output v c1 output rgb output background control bits for v c2 channel background no background minimum background not to be set overall background rimming control bit for v c2 channel function does not rim characters. rims characters. background control bits for v c1 channel background no background minimum background not to be set overall background rimming control bit for v c1 channel function does not rim characters. rims characters. background control bits for rgb channel background no background minimum background not to be set overall background rimming control bit for rgb channel function does not rim characters. rims characters. (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 ba11001101bfcbc0bc1bfbbb0bb1bfaba0
34 m pD6461, 6462 ? rimming control bit this bit is used to specify whether all characters displayed on the screen are rimmed. rimming: whenever there is a dot at the right or left edge of the display area for a character, rimming of the dot will encroach into the adjacent character display area. for dots at the top or bottom edge, however, no rim is added either above the top edge or below the bottom edge, that is, rimming does not encroach into the character display area above or below. other dots are rimmed as shown below. example character dots rim the width of a rim is alwa y s 1t ( minimum dot ) re g ardless of the character size. ? background control bits these bits are used to select no background, minimum background, or overall background as the background type. the background color is specified with the background/rim color control command. no background: outputs only character data. minimum background: adds a background of an area that is wider than the character display area by a minimum of one dot at each side. overall background: adds a background over the entire screen. ? background and rimming in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode characters for which the v c2 channel is specified with the displayed character control command are not output to the rgb or v c1 channel. when background (minimum/overall) is specified for the rgb or v c1 channel, no background is added to the areas for the v c2 -specified characters. by contrast for the v c2 channel, a background is added only to those areas for v c2 -specified characters. (refer to 1.4 display in rgb+v c1 +v c2 mode and 1.4.4 display of v c2 -specified characters for details of the display of v c2 -specified character areas for the rgb or v c1 channel.) when rgb+3blk (rgb compatible blanking) mode is selected, only the background control bits for the rgb channel are valid. those for the v c1 and v c2 channels are invalid (in rgb+3blk mode, no pin outputs a signal for the v c2 channel. the v c1 pin is used to output the logical or of the r, g, and b outputs.).
35 m pD6461, 6462 3.11 test mode command this command is used only to test the ic. usually, do not input this command. the system cannot enter test mode while the test pin (pin 9) is connected to ground. (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d15).) (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) 3.12 displayed character control command this command specifies the attributes of each character, including the character pattern, color, and whether it is blinked. when inputting this command, ensure that lc oscillator is turned on (if the lc oscillator is turned off, it is not possible to write to video ram). this command is a 2-byte continuous command. when continuously writing characters with the same attributes (except for a pattern), you need input only the eight low-order bits (d0 to d7) of the command for the second and subsequent characters. in this case, the write column address is automatically incremented (after a character has been written into column 23, the next character is automatically written into left-most column 0 of the next row. when a character is written into column 23 of row 11, the next character is automatically written into column 0 of row 0.). 0 ? 1 ? 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 21 ? 22 ? 23 0 ? 1 ? 2 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 21 ? 22 ? 23 column address ( ? ) row n row address row n+1 ? ( ) row address incremented (msb) (lsb) d15 d14 d13 d12 d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 1011000t8t7t6t5t4t3t2t1t0 (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 t80001101t0t1t2t3t4t5t6t7
36 m pD6461, 6462 (1) for msb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the msb (d15).) d15 1 d14 1 d13 rv d12 r d11 g d10 b d9 bl d8 v c2 d7 c7 note d6 c6 d5 c5 d4 c4 d3 c3 d2 c2 d1 c1 d0 c0 v c2 0 1 (msb) (lsb) c7 note 0 0 1 1 c6 0 0 1 1 c5 0 0 1 1 c4 0 0 1 1 c3 0 0 1 1 c2 0 0 1 1 c1 0 0 1 1 c0 0 1 0 1 bl 0 1 r 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 g 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 b 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 rv 0 1 character pattern specification bits function outputs pattern at address 00h. outputs pattern at address 01h. feh ( pD6461)/7eh ( pd6462) (display-off data). ffh ( pD6461)/7fh ( pd6462) (indicates the end of second-byte continuous input.) v c2 channel specification bit function specifies output to v c2 channel. does not specify output to v c2 channel. blinking control bit function disables blinking. enables blinking. character color specification bits color black blue green cyan red magenta yellow white reversing control bit function disables reversing. enables reversing. m m mm note c7 bit is dont care at the m pd6462. however, this data sheet explains the m pd6462 with 0 in the c7 bit.
37 m pD6461, 6462 (2) for lsb-first transfer (command bits are input starting from the lsb (d0). the function of each bit is the same as that for msb-first transfer.) ? character pattern specification bits these bits are used to specify the address of the character pattern to be used. address feh ( m pD6461)/7eh ( m pd6462) indicates display-off data and address ffh ( m pD6461)/7fh ( m pd6462) indicates the end code for second- byte continuous input. the design of each character pattern can be modified by specifying a mask code option (except for addresses feh and ffh ( m pD6461)/7eh and 7fh ( m pd6462)). ?v c2 channel specification bit this bit is used to specify whether each character is output to the v c2 channel. characters for which the v c2 channel is specified are not output to the rgb or v c1 channel (this bit is invalid in rgb+3blk mode). ? blinking control bit this bit is used to enable or disable blinking for each character. blinking of characters is turned on/off for the entire screen with the character display control command (refer to 3.2 character display control command ). ? character color specification bits these bits are used to specify the color of each character (these bits are valid only for the rgb channel. only a single color can be used for the v c1 and v c2 channels). ? reversing control bit this bit is used to enable or disable reversing for each character. the characters of the entire screen are reversed with the character reverse on/off command (refer to 3.5 character reverse on/off command ). (lsb) (msb) d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 d8 d9 d10 d11 d12 d13 d14 d15 v c2 bl b g r rv 1 1 c0c1c2c3c4c5c6c7
38 m pD6461, 6462 4. command transfer 4.1 1-byte commands data d7 - d0 data d0 - d7 clk cs msb first: input starting from bit d7 lsb first: input starting from bit d0 4.2 2-byte commands data d15 - d8 clk cs d7 - d0 data d0 - d7 d8 - d15 first byte second byte first byte second byte msb first first byte: d15 to d8 second byte: d7 to d0 lsb first first byte: d0 to d7 second byte: d8 to d15 when inputting a 2-byte command, keep the cs signal low between the first and second bytes of the command. 4.3 2-byte continuous command data d15 - d8 clk cs d7 - d0 data d0 - d7 d8 - d15 d7 - d0 d8 - d15 first byte second byte first byte second byte second byte second byte msb first lsb first the 2-byte continuous command is used to write characters to video ram. when continuously writing characters for which the specifications for the color, blinking, reversing, and v c2 channel are the same, transfer the first byte of the first command then continuously transfer only the second bytes (character pattern addresses) of the commands. when changing any part of the first byte, end continuous input (by setting the cs signal to high or transferring the end code for second-byte continuous input) then transfer the newly modified first byte.
39 m pD6461, 6462 4.4 continuous input of command transfer each of the 1-byte, 2-byte, and 2-byte successive commands from a microcontroller to the m pD6461, 6462 as follows. to transfer a 1-byte or 2-byte command, or a 2-byte successive command with blinking data changed after a 2- byte successive command has been transferred, either make cs high once, or transfer 2-byte successive command end code (ffh: m pD6461/7fh: m pd6462) at the end of the 2-byte successive command. in the latter case, it is not necessary to make cs high. 4.4.1 when end code is not used example 1-byte command ? 2-byte successive command ? 1-byte command data clk cs make cs low once and then back high again. 2nd byte (d0-d7) msb first (lsb first) 2nd byte (d8-d15) 00h-feh ( pD6461) 00h-7eh ( pd6462) (normal character) 2-byte successive command 1st byte (d0-d7) 1-byte command (d0-d7) (d8-d15) 00h-feh ( pD6461) 00h-7eh ( pd6462) (normal character) d7-d0 d7-d0 d15-d8 d7-d0 d7-d0 1-byte command m m m m 4.4.2 when end code is used example 1-byte command ? 2-byte successive command ? 1-byte command data clk cs 1-byte command 2nd byte (d0-d7) msb first (lsb first) 2nd byte (d8-d15) 00h-feh ( pD6461) 00h-7eh ( pd6462) (normal character) 2-byte successive command 1st byte (d0-d7) 1-byte command (d0-d7) (d8-d15) ffh ( pD6461)/ 7fh ( pd6462) (2-byte successive command end code) d7-d0 d7-d0 d15-d8 d7-d0 d7-d0 it is not necessary to make cs low and then back high again. m m m m remark by using the 2-byte successive command end code, the cs pin may remain low. however, it is recommended to make cs pin high to improve the noise immunity.
40 m pD6461, 6462 5. character patterns the m pD6461, 6462 can display 256 ( m pD6461)/128 ( m pd6462) character patterns, including alphanumerics, kanji characters, and symbols, which are stored in the character generator rom. each pattern in the character generator rom can be modified by specifying a mask code option. however, the display-off data at character address feh ( m pD6461)/ 7eh ( m pd6462) and end code for second-byte continuous input at ffh ( m pD6461)/7fh ( m pd6462) cannot be modified. no character pattern can be stored at these addresses. when none of the 12 18 dots are filled for a character pattern at addresses 00h to fdh ( m pD6461)/00h to 7dh ( m pd6462), the character pattern is called blank data. character address feh ( m pD6461)/7eh ( m pd6462) contains display- off data. blank data and display-off data are represented in the same way (with no dots filled) in character patterns shown on the following pages, but they are different as follows: table 5-1 the differences between blank data and display-off data you cannot specify display-off data for addresses other than feh ( m pD6461)/7eh ( m pd6462) when using a mask code option. blank data, however, can be specified at any address from 00h to fdh ( m pD6461)/00h to 7dh ( m pd6462) (address ffh ( m pD6461)/7fh ( m pd6462) cannot be used because it contains the end code for second-byte continuous input). the character patterns of the m pD6461gs-101/102, m pd6462gs-001 (necs standard model) are shown on the following pages. no background minimum background overall background display of character area in each background mode character data blank data display-off data displays image. displays image. displays background. displays image only (without background). displays background. displays image only (without background).
41 m pD6461, 6462 m pD6461gs-101/102 character patterns 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0ah 0bh 0ch 0dh 0eh 0fh 10h 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1ah 1bh 1ch 1dh 1eh 1fh 20h 21h 22h 23h 24h 25h 26h 27h 28h 29h 2ah 2bh 2ch 2dh 2eh 2fh
42 m pD6461, 6462 30h 31h 32h 33h 34h 35h 36h 37h 38h 39h 3ah 3bh 3ch 3dh 3eh 3fh 40h 41h 42h 43h 44h 45h 46h 47h 48h 49h 4ah 4bh 4ch 4dh 4eh 4fh 50h 51h 52h 53h 54h 55h 56h 57h 58h 59h 5ah 5bh 5ch 5dh 5eh 5fh
43 m pD6461, 6462 60h 61h 62h 63h 64h 65h 66h 67h 68h 69h 6ah 6bh 6ch 6dh 6eh 6fh 70h 71h 72h 73h 74h 75h 76h 77h 78h 79h 7ah 7bh 7ch 7dh 7eh 7fh 80h 81h 82h 83h 84h 85h 86h 87h 88h 89h 8ah 8bh 8ch 8dh 8eh 8fh
44 m pD6461, 6462 90h 91h 92h 93h 94h 95h 96h 97h 98h 99h 9ah 9bh 9ch 9dh 9eh 9fh a0h a1h a2h a3h a4h a5h a6h a7h a8h a9h aah abh ach adh aeh afh b0h b1h b2h b3h b4h b5h b6h b7h b8h b9h bah bbh bch bdh beh bfh
45 m pD6461, 6462 c0h c1h c2h c3h c4h c5h c6h c7h c8h c9h cah cbh cch cdh ceh cfh d0h d1h d2h d3h d4h d5h d6h d7h d8h d9h dah dbh dch ddh deh dfh e0h e1h e2h e3h e4h e5h e6h e7h e8h e9h eah ebh ech edh eeh efh
46 m pD6461, 6462 f0h f1h f2h f3h f4h f5h f6h f7h f8h f9h fah fbh note 1 fch fdh feh note 2 ffh note 3 notes 1. blank data 2. display-off data (fixed at this address) 3. end code for second-byte continuous input (fixed at this address)
47 m pD6461, 6462 00h 01h 02h 03h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0ah 0bh 0ch 0dh 0eh 0fh 10h note 1 11h 12h 13h 14h 15h 16h 17h 18h 19h 1ah 1bh 1ch 1dh 1eh 1fh 20h 21h 22h 23h 24h 25h 26h 27h 28h 29h 2ah 2bh 2ch 2dh 2eh 2fh m pd6462gs-001 character patterns
48 m pD6461, 6462 30h 31h 32h 33h 34h 35h 36h 37h 38h 39h 3ah 3bh 3ch 3dh 3eh 3fh 40h 41h 42h 43h 44h 45h 46h 47h 48h 49h 4ah 4bh 4ch 4dh 4eh 4fh 50h 51h 52h 53h 54h 55h 56h 57h 58h 59h 5ah 5bh 5ch 5dh 5eh 5fh
49 m pD6461, 6462 60h 61h 62h 63h 64h 65h 66h 67h 68h 69h 6ah 6bh 6ch 6dh 6eh 6fh 70h 71h 72h 73h 74h 75h 76h 77h 78h 79h 7ah 7bh 7ch 7dh 7eh note 2 7fh note 3 notes 1. blank data 2. display-off data (fixed at this address) 3. end code for second-byte continuous input (fixed at this address)
50 m pD6461, 6462 6. electrical characteristics absolute maximum ratings caution exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods may affect device reliability; exceeding the ratings could cause permanent damage. the parameters apply independently. the device should be operated within the limits specified under dc and ac characteristics. recommended operating ranges electrical characteristics (t a = C20 to +75 c) remark signal input : data, clk, cs, pcl, hsync, vsync signal output: ck out , v r , v g , v b , v c1 , v c2 , v blk , blk1, blk2 (r blk , g blk , b blk ) ( ) : set by a mask option parameter supply voltage input pin voltage output pin voltage operating ambient temperature storage temperature permissible package power dissipation (t a = 75 c) output current parameter supply voltage oscillation frequency (lc oscillation) oscillation frequency (external clock) operating temperature conditions v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v min. 2.7 6.0 4.0 C20 typ. max. 5.5 8.0 8.0 +75 unit v mhz mhz ?c symbol v dd f osc f osc t a parameter supply voltage supply current 1 supply current 2 control input high level voltage control input low level voltage synchronizing signal input high level voltage synchronizing signal input low level voltage signal output high level voltage signal output low level voltage oscillation output low level voltage conditions f osc = 8.0 mhz, v dd = 5.0 v f osc = 8.0 mhz, v dd = 3.0 v data, clk, cs, pcl hsync, vsync i osl = C1 ma (v dd = 5 v) / C 0.5 ma (v dd = 3 v) i osl = 1 ma (v dd = 5 v) / 0.5 ma (v dd = 3 v) ck out i ost = C 0.5 ma (v dd = 5 v) min. 2.7 0.7v dd 0.48v dd 0.9v dd typ. 5.0 5.0 3.0 max. 5.5 10.0 6.0 0.3v dd 0.16v dd 0.1v dd 0.1v dd unit v ma ma v v v v v v v symbol v dd i dd i dd v cih v cil v ish v isl v osh v osl v ost symbol v dd v in v out t a t stg p d i o m pD6461gs, 6462gs m pD6461gt 7 C 0.3 to v dd + 0.3 C 0.3 to v dd + 0.3 C 20 to +75 C 40 to +125 180 320 5 unit v v v c c mw ma
51 m pD6461, 6462 recommended operating timings (t a = C20 to +75 c, v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v) parameter setup time hold time minimum low level width of clock minimum high level width of clock clock cycle cs setup time cs hold time delay from clk - to cs - minimum low level width of hsync minimum low level width of vsync conditions min. 200 200 400 400 1.0 400 400 400 4 4 typ. max. unit ns ns ns ns m s ns ns ns m s m s symbol t set t hold t ckl t ckh t tck t css t csh t dckcs t hwl t vwl data clk cs hsync vsync t vwl 10 % t hwl 10 % 10 % 10 % t csh 90 % t dckcs 90 % t css 10 % t set t hold 90 % 90 % 10 % t ckl t ckh t tck
52 m pD6461, 6462 power-on clear specifications v dd t pcll 0 v v dd 0 v v dd 0.8 v dd 0.16 v dd pcl external clock input timing for external clock input (valid when selected with mask option) note 10% of the external clock cycle example: when the external clock frequency is 8 mhz clock cycle = 125 ns the maximum slew rate is 10% of 125 ns, giving 12.5 ns. remarks 1. keep the external clock in phase with the rising edges of hsync. 2. design the input of hsync so that noise of more than 100 ns is suppressed. 3. when using an external clock, leave the osc out pin open. parameter pcl pin low level hold time conditions min. 10 typ. max. unit m s symbol t pcll parameter time from external clock fall to synchro- nizing signal rise time from synchronizing signal rise to external clock fall t s (rising slew rate) conditions min. 30 30 typ. max. unit ns ns ns symbol t c-h t h-c t s note t c-h t h-c 50 % 50 % hsync external clock 10 % t s 90 %
53 m pD6461, 6462 character and blk signal output character and blk signals are output in synchronization with the falling edges of the dot clock. cdl dtw cus cds 50 % 50 % 90 % 10 % dot clock character signal blk signal output timings (t a = C20 to +75?c, pins: v r , v g , v b , v blk , v c1 , blk1, v c2 , blk2, (r blk , g blk , b blk )) pins in parentheses are selected by specifying a mask option. note min.: (1/f osc ) C 5 ns, max.: (1/f osc ) + 5 ns f osc : frequency of lc oscillation or external input clock. timing for continuous command input when inputting commands continuously, the following timing requirements must be observed: (t a = C20 to +75?c, v dd = 2.7 to 5.5 v) f osc : frequency of lc oscillation or external input clock (mhz), s: character size (single (minimum) or double), t hwl : hsync width. commands other than vram write commands may not comply with t2 provided the control clock cycle satisfies the specifications. t1 t2 hi-z hi-z data clk hi-z parameter continuous command input timing 1 continuous command input timing 2 conditions for all commands for vram write commands min. 2.0 2 m s + (21/f osc ) s +t hwl 2 m s + (12/f osc ) s typ. max. unit m s m s m s symbol t1 t2 when display is turned on when display is turned off parameter output delay of character/blk signal output delay of character/blk signal rise time of character/blk signal rise time of character/blk signal fall time of character/blk signal fall time of character/blk signal time equivalent to minimum dot time equivalent to minimum dot conditions v dd = 4.5 to 5.5 v, output load capacity = 10 pf v dd = 2.7 to 3.3 v, output load capacity = 10 pf v dd = 4.5 to 5.5 v, output load capacity = 10 pf v dd = 2.7 to 3.3 v, output load capacity = 10 pf v dd = 4.5 to 5.5 v, output load capacity = 10 pf v dd = 2.7 to 3.3 v, output load capacity = 10 pf v dd = 4.5 to 5.5 v, output load capacity = 10 pf v dd = 2.7 to 3.3 v, output load capacity = 10 pf min. 10 15 2 4 2 4 typ. 18 35 max. 30 80 10 25 10 25 unit ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns symbol cdl cdl cus cus cds cds dtw dtw (1 /oscillation frequency) 5 note (1 /oscillation frequency) 5 note
54 m pD6461, 6462 7. application circuit example clk cs data pcl v dd ck out osc out osc in test gnd hsync vsync v b v g v r v blk v c2 blk2 v c1 blk1 note 4 (b blk ) note 4 (g blk ) note 4 (r blk ) pD6461gs/gt, pd6462gs m 20 (24) 19 (23) 18 (21) 17 (20) 16 (19) 15 (18) 14 (17) 13 (16) 12 (15) 11 (14) output inputs a negative hsync, vsync signal 1 (1) 2 (2) 3 (4) 4 (5) 5 (6) 6 (7) 7 (8) note 3 8(9) note 3 9(10) 10(11) connected to microcontroller v dd 10 f m 100 k w 10 f m note 1 0.01 f m + + note 2 33 f m 5 to 30 pf 30 pf lc module pin no. 1 lc module pin no. 3 m notes 1. cr constant must be satisfied with power-on clear specification (refer to 6. electrical characteristics ). 2. this circuit can reduce the number of external components and facilitates the adjustment of oscillation frequency, using lc module (part number: q285ncis-11181, manufactured by toko, inc.) 3. connect these pins as follows when inputting external clock: osc in pin: external clock input, osc out pin: open 4. signals in ( ) are set by a mask option (rgb + rgb compatible blanking). remarks 1. the number in the parentheses indicates the pin number of the m pD6461gt-xxx. 2. with the m pD6461gt-xxx, influence by noise via lead frame can be surpressed by connecting the n.c. pins (3, 12, 13, 22) to gnd.
55 m pD6461, 6462 8. package drawings ns c d m m p f g e b l k j detail of lead end 20 pin plastic shrink sop (300 mil) note 2. each lead centerline is located within 0.12 mm (0.005 inch) of its true position (t.p.) at maximum material condition. p20gm-65-300b-3 item millimeters inches a b c d e f g h i j 0.65 (t.p.) 2.0 max. 1.7?.1 8.1 0.3 0.575 max. k l 0.12 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.2 6.1 0.2 0.15 m 0.10 0.32 0.125 0.075 n +0.10 ?.05 0.023 max. 0.013 0.005 0.003 0.079 max. 0.067 0.319 0.012 0.240 0.008 0.039 0.006 0.020 0.005 0.004 +0.008 ?.009 0.026 (t.p.) p 3 3 +0.004 ?.005 +0.004 ?.002 6.7?.3 0.264 +0.012 ?.013 1. controlling dimension millimeter. s +0.003 ?.004 +0.08 ?.07 +7 ? +7 ? +0.009 ?.008 20 11 110 a h i
56 m pD6461, 6462 24 pin plastic sop (375 mil) note 1. controlling dimention item millimeters inches e f 2.9 max. 0.125?.075 0.005?.003 0.115 max. b c 1.27 (t.p.) 0.87 max. 0.035 max. 0.050 (t.p.) g 2.50?.2 0.098 detail of lead end b k l p g e f a 15.3 0.602 +0.41 ?.2 +0.017 ?.008 d 0.42 0.017 +0.08 ?.07 h 10.3?.2 0.406 i 7.2?.2 0.283 j 1.6?.2 0.063?.008 k 0.17 0.007 +0.08 ?.07 l 0.8?.2 0.031 m n 0.10 0.12 0.005 0.004 p3 3 +7 ? p24gt-50-375b-2 +7 ? +0.009 ?.008 +0.003 ?.004 +0.009 ?.008 +0.008 ?.009 +0.009 ?.008 +0.003 ?.004 m c m j d 2. each lead centerline is located within 0.12 mm (0.005 inch) of its true position (t.p.) at maximum material condition. millimeter. 24 13 112 s s a n h i
57 m pD6461, 6462 9. recommended soldering conditions when soldering these products, it is highly recommended to observe the conditions as shown below. if other soldering processes are used, or if the soldering is performed under different conditions, please make sure to consult with our sales offices. for more details, refer to our document semiconductor device mounting technology manual (c10535e) . surface mount devices m pD6461gs-xxx: 20-pin plastic shrink sop (300 mil) m pD6461gt-xxx: 24-pin plastic sop (375 mil) m pd6462gs-xxx: 20-pin plastic shrink sop (300 mil) process conditions symbol infrared ray reflow peak temperature: 235 c or below (package surface temperature), ir35-00-2 reflow time: 30 seconds or less (at 210 c or higher), maximum number of reflow processes: 2 times. vapor phase soldering peak temperature: 215 c or below (package surface temperature), vp15-00-2 reflow time: 40 seconds or less (at 200 c or higher), maximum number of reflow processes: 2 times. wave soldering solder temperature: 260 c or below, flow time: 10 seconds or less, ws60-00-1 maximum number of flow processes: 1 time, pre-heating temperature: 120 c or below (package surface temperature). partial heating method pin temperature: 300 c or below, C heat time: 3 seconds or less (per each side of the device). caution apply only one kind of soldering condition to a device, except for partial heating method, or the device will be damaged by heat stress.
58 m pD6461, 6462 [memo]
59 m pD6461, 6462 notes for cmos devices 1 precaution against esd for semiconductors note: strong electric field, when exposed to a mos device, can cause destruction of the gate oxide and ultimately degrade the device operation. steps must be taken to stop generation of static electricity as much as possible, and quickly dissipate it once, when it has occurred. environmental control must be adequate. when it is dry, humidifier should be used. it is recommended to avoid using insulators that easily build static electricity. semiconductor devices must be stored and transported in an anti-static container, static shielding bag or conductive material. all test and measurement tools including work bench and floor should be grounded. the operator should be grounded using wrist strap. semiconductor devices must not be touched with bare hands. similar precautions need to be taken for pw boards with semiconductor devices on it. 2 handling of unused input pins for cmos note: no connection for cmos device inputs can be cause of malfunction. if no connection is provided to the input pins, it is possible that an internal input level may be generated due to noise, etc., hence causing malfunction. cmos devices behave differently than bipolar or nmos devices. input levels of cmos devices must be fixed high or low by using a pull-up or pull-down circuitry. each unused pin should be connected to v dd or gnd with a resistor, if it is considered to have a possibility of being an output pin. all handling related to the unused pins must be judged device by device and related specifications governing the devices. 3 status before initialization of mos devices note: power-on does not necessarily define initial status of mos device. produc- tion process of mos does not define the initial operation status of the device. immediately after the power source is turned on, the devices with reset function have not yet been initialized. hence, power-on does not guarantee out-pin levels, i/o settings or contents of registers. device is not initialized until the reset signal is received. reset operation must be executed imme- diately after power-on for devices having reset function.
m pD6461, 6462 [memo] no part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without the prior written consent of nec corporation. nec corporation assumes no responsibility for any errors which may appear in this document. nec corporation does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from use of a device described herein or any other liability arising from use of such device. no license, either express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of nec corporation or others. while nec corporation has been making continuous effort to enhance the reliability of its semiconductor devices, the possibility of defects cannot be eliminated entirely. to minimize risks of damage or injury to persons or property arising from a defect in an nec semiconductor device, customers must incorporate sufficient safety measures in its design, such as redundancy, fire-containment, and anti-failure features. nec devices are classified into the following three quality grades: "standard", "special", and "specific". the specific quality grade applies only to devices developed based on a customer designated "quality assurance program" for a specific application. the recommended applications of a device depend on its quality grade, as indicated below. customers must check the quality grade of each device before using it in a particular application. standard: computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment, audio and visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic equipment and industrial robots special: transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disaster systems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed for life support) specific: aircrafts, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, life support systems or medical equipment for life support, etc. the quality grade of nec devices is "standard" unless otherwise specified in nec's data sheets or data books. if customers intend to use nec devices for applications other than those specified for standard quality grade, they should contact an nec sales representative in advance. anti-radioactive design is not implemented in this product. m4 96.5 the application circuits and their parameters are for reference only and are not intended for use in actual design-ins.

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